In April 1920 the British Mandate of Mesopotamia was created under the authority of the League of Nations. The resolution specifically calls for ending of a 2014 agreement allowing Washington to help Iraq against Islamic State groups by sending troops. contributed to a survivalist mentality for the Kurds. A great site, i have been trawling through lots of sites, got some good stuff off this one. After the collapse of the Akkadian Empire in the late 22nd century BC, the Gutians occupied the south for a few decades, while Assyria reasserted its independence in the north. During the subsequent Anglo-Iraqi War, the United Kingdom (which still maintained air bases in Iraq) invaded Iraq for fear that the Rashid Ali government might cut oil supplies to Western nations because of his links to the Axis powers. In independent Iraq, the Shi'is were marginalized from main politics already during the 1960's. Its greatest king, Nebuchadnezzar II, rivalled another non native ruler, the ethnically unrelated Amorite king Hammurabi, as the greatest king of Babylon. coup d'état occurred, which brought to power the Baath Party, as Kurdistan. Iraq was the centre of the Akkadian, Sumerian, Assyrian and Babylonian empires. This article was helpful. The most recent reports from Yazidi leaders estimate that between 350,000 and 400,000 people remain in the north of the country. This web page helped a lot got me through an assignment that would have taken all day, in an afternoon. It remained buried until 1845, when Botta and Layard discovered the ruins of the Assyrian cities. [72][73] During the eight-year war with Iran, Saddam Hussein extensively used chemical weapons against Iranians. progressive one. [64] Cox managed to quell a rebellion, yet was also responsible for implementing the fateful policy of close co-operation with Iraq's Sunni minority. I lived in Iraq for 4 years during which time Saddam came to full power. "[86][87][88] An oil for food program was established in 1996 to ease the effects of sanctions. Regarding relations with other countries, [249], In 2010, spending on healthcare accounted for 6.84% of the country's GDP. banned. [237], The dispersion of native Iraqis to other countries is known as the Iraqi diaspora. Marr, Phebe. When the Sumerian civilization collapsed in about 1700 work. Although members of the ruling Baath Party generally are ideologically committed to secularism, about 95 percent of Iraqis are Muslim and Islam is the officially recognized state religion. Islam exists in two sects; Sunni and Shia. commercial traders from all over the world; and produced incredible CIA World Factbook 2000: Iraq. In fall 2003, self-entitled 'jihadist' groups began targeting coalition forces. Baghdad was the name of a village that the Arabs chose to Following the withdrawal of US troops in 2011, the insurgency continued and Iraq suffered from political instability. Islam is the officially recognized religion of Iraq and is practiced by 95 percent of the population. Middle East Council of Churches, and denied entry of a Russian envoy from On 1 April 1941, Rashid Ali al-Gaylani and members of the Golden Square staged a coup d'état and overthrew the government of 'Abd al-Ilah. Of the Mandean religion, which counted 30,000 adherents in Iraq before the US/British-Iraq War started in 2003, many have fled Iraq, as they were a group that benefitted greatly from the protection of the regime of Saddam Hussein. Other dependent relatives also may make up part [55], During the years 1747–1831, Iraq was ruled by a Mamluk dynasty of Georgian[56] origin who succeeded in obtaining autonomy from the Ottoman Porte, suppressed tribal revolts, curbed the power of the Janissaries, restored order and introduced a programme of modernisation of economy and military. Government payroll have increased from 1 million employees under Saddam Hussein to around 7 million employees in 2016. Currently Iraqi leaders have been , 1990. CARDRI (Committee Against Repression and for Democratic Rights in Iraq). [255] Investments for schools has also been on the decline. indication that the universities were ever expanded. Though granted the right to vote for some positions, many Iraqis feel that The end result present many people have sold or are selling their land to the government Basketball, swimming, weightlifting, bodybuilding, boxing, kick boxing and tennis are also popular sports. large increase in diseases such as leukemia and other cancers. LIZABETH , 1985. Federal education, and encourage women in the labor force. On 16 July 1979 Saddam Hussein became president of Iraq, and has been King Ghazi ruled as a figurehead after King Faisal's death in 1933, while undermined by attempted military coups, until his death in 1939. The estimated Iraqi population for 2000 is 22,675,617 people. [253], Before Iraq faced economic sanctions from the UN, it already had an advanced and successful Arab education system. Simons, G.L. Typically, precipitation is low; most places receive less than 250 mm (9.8 in) annually, with maximum rainfall occurring during the winter months. have the capability to perform, and young physicians are no longer historical style. secular holiday. no longer able to do so due for lack of resources. The Sunni population complains of facing discrimination in almost all aspects of life by the government. [120] On 14 August, Maliki stepped down as PM to support Mr al-Abadi and to "safeguard the high interests of the country". (However, eventually there was a separate, independent Caliphate of Córdoba in Iberia. The absence of the imam contributed indirectly to the development in modern Iran of a strong Shiʿi clergy whose penchant for status, particularly in the 20th century, led to a proliferation of titles and honorifics unique in the Islamic world. Other statistics show that regional differences can attribute to lower or higher enrollment rates for children in primary education. This had an immense impact on internet speed, availability and usage in Iraq. Christians numbered over 1.4 million in 1987 or 8% of the estimated population of 16.3 million and 550,000 in 1947 or 12% of the population of 4.6 millions. The regional government and the central government disagree as to whether they are under Baghdad's authority and to what extent. [239], In 2007, the UN said that about 40% of Iraq's middle class was believed to have fled and that most had fled systematic persecution and had no desire to return. dentists, factory workers, and civil servants, with the majority the capital city of Baghdad was founded, and it became an important Saddam Hussein), as do some Christians. mullahs [138] Anti-American cleric Muqtada al-Sadr's political coalition won Iraq's parliamentary election in May 2018. now face in light of economic hardship and harsh living conditions, the Kadhimi was nominated by President Barham Salih, state television reported, shortly after the previous designated prime minister, Adnan al-Zurfi, announced he was withdrawing having failed to secure enough support to pass a government.[143]. format that can be printed out and accessed at any time. especially for children, so that they were made aware of the historical The Arabs and the Chaldeans are first mentioned in written history (circa 850 BC) in the annals of Shalmaneser III. [255] The rates among internally displaced children continue to remain higher in Iraq Centre than other areas such as the KRI. are the result of more recent developments. Iraqi media expert and author of a number of reports on this subject, Ibrahim Al Marashi, identifies four stages of the US invasion of Iraq in 2003 where they had been taking the steps that have significant effects on the way for the later of the Iraqi media since then. [255] Not only that, UNICEF found that the increase of girls going to school was across all levels of education. [127] The 2016 Karrada bombing killed nearly 400 civilians and injured hundreds more. Performance Arts. Kin Groups. Out of the insurgency came a highly destructive group calling itself ISIL, which took large parts of the north and west. But there was a lack of information under religion. this really helped me in my ss class but i got one question how do you think the people that built the Ziggurat withouth ramps and ladders n stuff? importance than ethnic, social class, and sectarian lines. The major differences [114] In December 2012, Sunni Arabs protested against the government, whom they claimed marginalised them. mining of nonmetallic minerals. An insurgency against the US-led coalition-rule of Iraq began in summer 2003 within elements of the former Iraqi secret police and army, who formed guerrilla units. The honorific of grand ayatollah (āyat Allāh al-ʿuẓmāʾ) is conferred only upon those Shiʿi mujtahids whose level of insight and expertise in Islamic canon law has risen to the level of one who is worthy of being a marjaʿ-e taqlīd (Arabic marjaʿ al-taqlīd, “model of emulation”), the highest level of excellence in Iranian Shiʿism. Front (PNF), which is an official organization of political parties. For example, most Armenians are Christian. to twenty-four months, and there were another 650,000 in the reserves. The Sealand Dynasty was finally conquered by Kassite Babylonia circa 1380 BC. [8] In addition, the estimate claims that other minorities form 5% of the country's population, including the Assyrians, Turkmen/Turcoman, Yezidis, Shabak, Kaka'i, Bedouins, Roma, Circassians, Sabaean-Mandaean, and Persians. importance of their culture and nation. the territory of Iraq, and in doing so paid little attention to natural thank u. common bowl, while in urban areas individuals eat with plates and are associated with the United Nations. Resolution 687, which requires Iraq to disclose the full extent of its CIA World Factbook [65] The institution of slavery was abolished in the 1920s.[66]. design concentrated on the preservation of traditional attire and Was helpful,but why is it that so many woman are afraid of these men in Iraq?...I have a question if a woman has to meet a man but has a child already from another man,are they still allowed to get married or see each other? The following Neolithic period, PPNB, is represented by rectangular houses. The president exercises all executive decision-making powers, [255], Many of those people who dropout or have to repeat a grade do not see the economic cost for long term results. Owing to the century long Turco-Iranian rivalry between the Safavids and the neighbouring Ottoman Turks, Iraq would be contested between the two for more than a hundred years during the frequent Ottoman-Persian Wars. [citation needed] Boys and girls generally attend separate schools beginning with seventh grade. of Mosul; of Nimroud, supposed to be the ancient Calah; and of Kouyunjik, in all probability the ancient Nineveh. they meet twice annually and work with the Revolutionary Command Council [148] In August 2014, al-Maliki's reign came to an end. High priority was placed on During the 20th century BC, the Canaanite speaking Amorites began to migrate into southern Mesopotamia. The sanctions were lifted in 2003 after the US-led invasion removed Saddam Hussein from power, but development of Iraq's oil resources has been hampered by the ongoing conflict. Shi'ism gained ground over several centuries, through the conversion of entire tribes, right up until the 20th century. In fact, many of them don't even know Arabic itself. THANK YOU SO much you have just helped me with half of my home work ill come to this website next time i need help on home work in S&E once gain thank you. Similar to Iran and Bahrain, Iraq has a Shi'i majority. In the 18th Century, Banu khazal converted into Shiism. The Sunni-Shi’a relationship deteriorated further during the US-led invasion of Iraq and subsequent intervention into the country’s politics. Faith in Islam is expressed on a daily basis in Iraq, through dress, dietary codes, regular prayers and language. [179][180][181][182][183], On May 14, 2020, Human Rights Watch said that Iraqi government should focus on the key areas to advance human rights in the country through a legislation. "Iraq Won't Let Outside Experts Assess Many of the NGOs, such as the World Food Program, now minimal. Since the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003, the government has been calling for tolerance and acceptance of religious minorities. THIS site rocks but is there a more section other than it takin 2 pages of my paper? [15][16][17], An Arabic folk etymology for the name is "deeply rooted, well-watered; fertile". were generous. Before Islam became the dominant religion (around 634 C.E. The 1200s witnessed yet another invasion, and control went to the Mongols, [214] Sumerians during their control of Mesopotamia, and emerged again in the [263][264] The respect and adoration for Pasha were unusual at the time since public performance by women was considered shameful, and most female singers were recruited from brothels. kilometers), which is comparable to twice the size of Idaho. Iraq, 1968–89 :), tnx a lot it helps me on my project!!! This helped me with some of my projects, but it didnt help me that much. In order to promote this center of [245][246] According to official United States Citizenship and Immigration Services statistics, 58,811 Iraqis had been granted refugee-status citizenship as of 25 May 2011[update]. ^ Nestorians, or Ancient Church of the East at Encyclopædia Britannica. I need a lot of information about the start of the caste system, How long it lasted until it underwent some change, and more on the relationship between classes. state-appointed judge to overrule the wishes of the father in the event of Qur'an. 1980 to 1988 over a land dispute. The Kurds and Turkmen are predominantly Sunni Muslims, but Iran’s Arabs are both Sunni and Shiʿi. The information on gender roles is very thorough and descriptive. [163], The Iraqi Air Force is designed to support ground forces with surveillance, reconnaissance and troop lift. The Arab culture, as influenced by the conquerors in the seventh century, Aesome information and thanks for the help. Iraq's total external debt was around $120 billion at the time of the 2003 invasion, and had grown another $5 billion by 2004. [254] Whether or not this is true, UNICEF's statistics and numbers show how Iraq's education system has room for improvement. [174] This resolution will also signify ending an agreement with Washington to station troops in Iraq as Iran vows to retaliate after the killing. Judaism pensions for retirees and disabled people, and money for maternity and withstood many changes of power throughout the centuries, and managed to hit Iraq in the 1970s, and with the change of economic basis, much of However, it has had little impact on [265][page needed], Iraqi cuisine can be traced back some 10,000 years – to the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians and Ancient Persians. becoming more rare, and a law was passed that gave authority to a Under the terms of the constitution, the country conducted fresh nationwide parliamentary elections on 15 December 2005. [255] For each student who drops out or repeats a grade, $1,100 is lost. In 1958, a coup d'état known as the 14 July Revolution was led by the Brigadier General Abd al-Karim Qasim. Among these, members of the Bahāʾī faith—a religion founded in Iran—were the victims of the greatest persecution. [118], After an inconclusive election in April 2014, Nouri al-Maliki served as caretaker-Prime-Minister. [263], The most famous early composer from Iraq was Ezra Aharon, an oud player, while the most prominent instrumentalist was Daoud Al-Kuwaiti. be appointed an officer in the military if she has a university degree in [162], The Iraqi Navy is a small force with 1,500 sailors and officers, including 800 Marines, designed to protect shoreline and inland waterways from insurgent infiltration. iraq people and also the place is not really good.! The Iraqi government at times reacted harshly, resulting in over 500 deaths by 12 December 2019. , King Hammurabi took over the area and renamed it Babylonia. Shi'is have have been able to take much political power in Iraq since the US/British-Iraq War began 2003, but little suggest that there will a split of the country from a Shi'i initiative. No current that the government embarked on a campaign to increase the population. Location and Geography. loyalty is considered an essential quality, and the family is mutually www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/iz.html, —E Iraqi Christians are also subject to continued harassment and abuses by regional militias and internal security forces. solely as a decision of the husband. It was founded in 1948, and has been a member of FIFA since 1950 and the Asian Football Confederation since 1971. Thank you so much for helping me finish my work in Social Studies, thank you for all the help with with my social studies project :) i got an A+, Hi im ryan this was a good outline out from my project in social studies hope this can help me much :), i am printing this article for a project that my son is working on for school. Helped me on an assignment. "The more capable Iraq's security institutions, the more resilient Iraq will be in the face of its enemies". Women professionals, such as doctors, are i really need it, it was a presentation about iraq so i have less time to spend searching for iraq!! The population of Iraq, estimated at 30 million in 800 AD, was only 5 million at the start of the 20th century. However, many Sunnis dispute their minority status, and do not trust religious estimates. Division of Labor by Gender. [178] Investigations by the BBC and other western media in 2008 and 2009, including interviews of homosexual and transgender Iraqis, showed that violence against LGBT people had significantly increased since Saddam Hussein was toppled. Of the Mandean religion, which counted 30,000 adherents in Iraq before the US/British-Iraq War started in 2003, many have fled Iraq, as they were a group that benefitted greatly from the protection of the regime of Saddam Hussein. Crude oil, refined petroleum products, and natural gas are products The capital, Ninus or Nineveh, was taken by the Medes under Cyaxares, and some 200 years after Xenophon passed over its site, then mere mounds of earth. shared among all female members of the larger families. [19] The term historically included the plain south of the Hamrin Mountains and did not include the northernmost and westernmost parts of the modern territory of Iraq. [150], Since the establishment of the no–fly zones following the Gulf War of 1990–1991, the Kurds established their own autonomous region. Boys and girls have different upbringings, as a Shi'i Although decriminalised, homosexuality remains stigmatised in Iraqi society. Because of their late accession, Iraq is the only State Party exempt from the existing timeline for destruction of their chemical weapons.