[15] She is the daughter of Eduardo Fernández and Ofelia Esther Wilhelm. [156] On 5 October 2013, doctors ordered Kirchner to rest for a month after they found blood on her brain caused by a head injury she received on 8 August 2012. Choix de consentement © Copyright 20 Minutes - La fréquentation de 20 Minutes est certifiée par l’ACPM, Les perspectives économiques mondiales moins catastrophiques que prévu, estime le FMI, Bolivie : Le gouvernement de transition accuse Morales d’une liaison avec une mineure, Un député argentin embrasse le sein de sa femme pendant une visioconférence, La visioconférence a été suspendue après que le représentant a embrassé le sein nu de la jeune femme, présente à côté de lui, S’inscrire aux newsletters de 20 Minutes, - La fréquentation de 20 Minutes est certifiée par l’ACPM, Résultats régionales et départementales. This group included, among others, Néstor and Cristina Kirchner in Argentina, Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff in Brazil, Evo Morales in Bolivia and Rafael Correa in Ecuador. [90], Another related investigation involved the fate of the children of captured pregnant guerrillas, who were given up for adoption by the military junta. Randazzo did not accept the proposal. [128] Esteban Bullrich was the candidate of Cambiemos. [97] She also justified the lack of press conferences, arguing that it is not important for her administration. Eduardo Fernández, a bus driver, was anti-Peronist and Wilhelm was a Peronist union leader. [56] Kicillof refused to agree that the country had fallen into a sovereign default. [25] She organized Néstor's political campaign when he was elected governor of Santa Cruz in 1991. [139][140] Economic activity is described as a zero-sum game, where any wealth is the result of the exploitation of someone else, which justifies economic interventionism. The opposition considered the bills an attempt to control the judiciary. She resigned from the Senate on 27 November 2019 after assuming the vice presidency, and was replaced by her former foreign minister Jorge Taiana. «Une partie de ma vie reste en Argentine», a déclaré ce 9 novembre l'ancien président bolivien Evo Morales avant de faire son retour sur sa terre natale. The FPV was renamed the Citizen's Unity Party at the province and registered as a coalition of minor parties only, leaving the PJ out of it. In Kirchner's case, this step was omitted and the gland was removed directly. [120] On 27 December 2016, Federal Judge Julián Ercolini ordered the freezing of US$633 million of Fernández de Kirchner's assets and approved charges of illicit association and fraudulent administration against her. She was removed from the PJ bloc in the Congress in 1997 for misconduct. She was re-elected with 54% of the vote, followed by socialist Hermes Binner, 37 points behind her. Il s’agit d’Ofelia Fernandez, une jeune députée de 20 ans de la ville de Buenos Aires. Cette page liste les chefs d'État argentins depuis l'indépendance de l'Argentine.Le titre officiel depuis l'investiture de Bernardino Rivadavia en 1826, est président de la Nation argentine [1]. [105] She blamed the whole country for the 2014 default, ruled by US judge Thomas P. Griesa. [118] Lázaro Báez who has close ties with the Kirchners was detained in April 2016 as it was suspected that he might flee escape. [57], When Argentina devalued the peso in January 2014, Kicillof placed blame on the exchange-market speculation by Juan José Aranguren, chief of Royal Dutch Shell in Argentina; later in the year, when the peso was at its lowest ever position in relation to the dollar, he blamed “vulture funds” from the United States. [51], They initiated a period of fiscal reform, which included several tax increases, limits to wage increases, but increases in protectionism and reorganization of state-owned enterprises. [122], In December 2017, Judge Bonadio indicted her and charged her with high treason. An estimated 500 children were involved. [99] However, the party still retained a simple majority in Congress. Redrado resigned one month later, and was replaced by Mercedes Marcó del Pont. One of those actions was a selective use of state advertising, to benefit the media aligned with the government. [142] Laclau's vision of the people has been criticized by other writers[who?] Fernández de Kirchner won the primary elections by a slim margin of 0,08%,[129] but lost in the main election 36% to 42%. [110], When Archbishop Jorge Bergoglio was elected as Pope Francis, the initial reactions were mixed. [54], Axel Kicillof was appointed minister in 2013, and served for the remainder of Kirchner's term. Journalist Nelson Castro investigated further and discovered that the psychiatrist was Alejandro Lagomarsino, who died in 2011. [20], Néstor established a law firm that Cristina joined in 1979. [35] Their marriage has been compared with those of Juan and Eva Perón and Bill and Hillary Clinton. [66] Minister Lousteau resigned during the crisis, and the Peronist governors opted to negotiate on their own with the farmers, ignoring Kirchner's approach. Confus, Juan Emilio Ameri a tenté de s’excuser, expliquant qu’il pensait ne pas être connecté à ce moment-là. However, as a sitting senator, she enjoyed immunity from prosecution. Her first term of office started with a conflict with the agricultural sector, and her proposed taxation system was rejected. The first involved the detention of Venezuelan-American businessman Antonini Wilson in an airport after being found with a suitcase filled with $800,000. Federico Elaskar, owner of the firm, confirmed Fariña's claims in another interview. She also continued her husband's human rights policies, and had a rocky relationship with the press. Instead, his wife was the candidate for the Front for Victory party, becoming president in the 2007 presidential election. On 27 October 2019, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner was elected vice president, making her the first former head of state to assume the Argentine vice presidency. General Luciano Benjamín Menéndez, who waged war against the leftist guerrillas in the northern Argentine provinces, received a life sentence as well. Parmi les participants figuraient le président sortant de la République, Mauricio Macri, et le président élu, Alberto Fernández, à l’avant-veille de son entrée en fonction. Ricardo Moraes / REUTERS. Un vote qui a déclenché des scènes de liesse dans tout le pays.Et aujourd’hui je vais vous parler d’une femme en particulier qui personnifie ce combat pour le droit à l’avortement. [24] Julio César Strassera, prosecutor in the 1985 Trial of the Juntas against the military, criticized the Kirchners' lack of legal actions against the military, and considered their later interest in the issue a form of hypocrisy. [44], In January 2010, Cristina Kirchner created the bicentennial fund employing a necessity and urgency decree in order to pay debt obligations with foreign-exchange reserves. The operation was carried out by the Central Bank, but judge Claudio Bonadio believes Fernández de Kirchner is the instigator. In 1994, she was elected to the constituent assembly that amended the Constitution of Argentina. [43], Fernández resigned after the Kirchnerist defeat in the 2009 elections, and was replaced by Amado Boudou, president of the ANSES which had worked for that nationalization. After this she nationalised private pension funds, and fired the president of the Central Bank. [130] However, she still took office according to Argentine Senate election procedure where the balloting results in two of the three senate seats being claimed by the party winning the largest vote share, with the second-place finisher claiming the third senate seat. [66] The activist Luis D'Elía interrupted one of the demonstrations leading stick-wielding pro-government supporters, who attacked the participants. [29] She won the election. It was criticized as an authoritarian move, as there was no negotiation with Repsol. [82] In 2015, Martín Lanatta and José Luis Salerno, convicted for the killings, claimed that Aníbal Fernández was the boss of a mafia ring that ordered those killings to secure the illegal traffic of ephedrine. 43 minutes depuis. Most of Argentine society cheered it, but the pro-government newspaper Página/12 published renewed allegations about the Dirty War, and the president of the National Library described a global conspiracy theory. [102] She has been an unconditional supporter of Chávez and Maduro. [16] She attended high school at Popular Mercantil and Misericordia schools. [91] The investigation became controversial during the Kirchner administration, as those involved had become adults and some of them refused to participate in DNA testing. However, many legislators gave priority to the local agendas of their provinces as their economies depended heavily on agriculture. Campagnoli was suspended as a prosecutor, accused of leaking information, and abusing his authority. ", "PERSUASIVE PROPAGANDA DURING THE 2015 ARGENTINE BALLOTAGE", "The President Of Argentina Compared Her Country's Default To Violence In Gaza", "Definitivo: el paso a paso de cómo Cristina abandonó el luto", "President Cristina Kirchner expected to resume activities Tuesday", "WikiLeaks: Hillary Clinton questions the mental health of Cristina Kirchner", "Hillary Clinton rings Cristina Fernandez and apologizes for the cables", "Argentina's Fernandez sent home, never had cancer", "Blood on brain, rest ordered for Argentine leader", "Cristina Fernández de Kirchner to have surgery following head injury", "Ofelia Wilhelm, la madre de Cristina, de empleada estatal a jubilada VIP", Cristina Kirchner dijo sentir envidia de la Furia Roja, "Néstor Kirchner fue distinguido post mortem como Doctor "Honoris Causa, "Cristina Fernández de Kirchner recibirá el Doctorado Honoris Causa", "Dilma Rousseff se emocionó al condecorar a Cristina con la "Orden del Sur de Brasil, "Condecoraron a Cristina Kirchner en Ecuador", "Cristina encabezará un acto en el que recibirá la condecoración de Palestina", "President García awards the Order of the Sun to Argentinean head of state", Official site of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, 2011 Argentina–United States diplomatic crisis, Supreme directors of the United Provinces, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cristina_Fernández_de_Kirchner&oldid=996810740, Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic, Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic, Members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies, Recipients of the Order of Isabella the Catholic, Recipients of the Order of the Sun of Peru, Women members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from December 2020, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 28 December 2020, at 18:51. [28] As a result, she made a name for herself as a troublemaker. [32] The transition from Néstor Kirchner to Cristina Fernández de Kirchner was also the first time a democratic head of state was replaced by their spouse without the death of either. [30], The presidential election was held on 28 October 2007. She said in a cadena nacional ("national network") address that the US may be trying to oust her from power, or even assassinate her. This was the new pope's first meeting with a head of state, and there was speculation that the two were mending their relations. [89] De facto president Jorge Rafael Videla, who was convicted and given a life sentence in 1985 and pardoned years later, received a new life sentence in 2010. [119] José López, an official from the ministry of public works, was detained while trying to hide bags filled with millions in cash at a monastery. As the inflation rate grew during the period, the state financed part of these prices with subsidies. This became a problem during Macri's presidency. Il s’agit d’Ofelia Fernandez, une jeune députée de 20 ans de la ville … [136] The political world is divided in two halves, the people and those against the people, with the Kirchners described as the saviors of the people. [67] There were two demonstrations the day of the vote: one against the bill, attended by 235,000 people, and the other in support of the bill, attended by 100,000 people. [96] Clarín Group launched a constitutional challenge against some articles of the law with the judiciary. [91] The Noble siblings tests in 2011 were negative,[89] and the case was closed in January 2016, after Kirchner left the presidency. [116] Even the handover ceremony became controversial, as Kirchner refused to attend it. These hotels, located in the city of El Calafate, belong to the Kirchners. pic.twitter.com/qa9MrjUfZK. She was the third woman to hold the Argentine vice presidency, the second woman to hold the presidency, the first directly elected female president, and the first woman re-elected to the office. She began her college studies at the National University of La Plata. The Justicialist Party (PJ), led by Carlos Menem, returned to the presidency in the 1989 general elections. The amount of money involved in this operation was nearly 30 billion dollars, and debt obligations were nearly 24 billion dollars. To win in a single round, a presidential candidate in Argentina needs either more than 45% of the vote, or 40% of the vote and a lead of more than 10 percentage points over the runner-up. [149][150] Eduardo Duhalde said that Néstor Kirchner once confided in him that she had a bipolar disorder, while she was having a violent outburst. [137] This division is used to justify the rejection of those described as being against the people, and to polarize the population. Vendredi dernier en Argentine, s’est tenu un vote qui pourrait un jour faire date. [158], Vice President and former President of Argentina, "Cristina Fernández" and "Christina Fernandez" redirect here. A victory at the 2013 midterm elections would have given such majority, but the party was defeated in most provinces. She is also being investigated for her role in "The Route of the K-Money" scandal. Les images ont été vues plusieurs centaines de milliers de fois dans le pays, souvent accompagnées de commentaires acerbes. [115], Mauricio Macri, mayor of Buenos Aires, was elected president in the 2015 presidential elections, defeating the Kirchnerist candidate Daniel Scioli in a ballotage. Argentina lacked a big opposition party since the collapse of the Radical Civic Union in 2001. ", "Según Unicef, hay 5,6 millones de chicos pobres en la Argentina", "El kirchnerismo recupera el control del Congreso", "Argentina tightens dollar exchange controls", Cristina apela a la sintonía fina para disimular el ajuste, "Moyano llenó la Plaza contra la "soberbia abrumadora" de CFK", "Argentina Agrees to Pay $9.7 Billion to Paris Club", "Argentina's government blames 'conspiracy' for defaulting on debt", "Saying Argentina has defaulted is 'an atomic nonsense' underlines Kicillof", "Leaders from Latin America, Caribbean region urge action to erase inequality, spur development", "Cristina characterized the vulture funds as "terrorists" and accused them of destabilization", "Chevron, YPF Sign $1.5 Billion Shale-Oil Deal", "Blackouts continue in Argentina while government keeps threatening power distributors", "Argentine farmers take tax battle to parliament", "Argentina turns against new president as strike worsens", "Argentine leader vows to fine-tune model in second term", "Thousands across Argentina take to the streets to protest against re-re-election", "Argentinians protest against their government, corruption and crime", "Argentina protests: up to half a million rally against Fernández de Kirchner", "Fernández de Kirchner reforms spark Argentina protests", "Dozens of Argentines Die in Flash Flooding", "Allegations of a network of corruption money involves former president Kirchner", "Thousands March in Argentina to Protest Kirchner's Judicial Plan", "New Argentina probe says prosecutor Nisman was murdered", "Buenos Aires marches to honour deceased prosecutor Alberto Nisman", "Venezuelan Convicted in U.S. Spy Trial Over Suitcase That Rattled South America", "Venezuelan Given 15 Months in Suitcase of Cash Scandal", "Argentine drug probe zeroes in on Presidential Palace", "Murder and drug trafficking allegations cast pall over Argentina primary election", "Mauricio Macri steps up fight against Argentina drug traffickers", "Argentina elections: Highs and lows of 12 years of the Kirchners", "Argentine Vice-President Boudou charged in corruption case", "In Argentina, Mix of Money and Politics Stirs Intrigue Around Kirchner", "Argentine Probe Sparks Dispute Between Government, Judiciary", "Argentina's former dictator Jorge Videla given life sentence", "Argentina's authorities order DNA tests in search for stolen babies of dirty war", "La jueza Sandra Arroyo Salgado sobreseyó a Ernestina Herrera de Noble en la causa por apropiación de niños durante la dictadura", "Child of Argentina's 'disappeared' fights for right to keep adoptive name", "Kirchner Moves Against Argentina's Free Press", "Global editors group raises alarm over Argentina press freedom threat", "IPI condemns Argentine government's attacks on Grupo Clarín", "Argentina's Kirchners lose political ground in mid-term elections", "Argentine President Stumps for Congressional Candidates", "Cristina Fernández's party loses ground to former ally in Argentina's election", "Mercosur suspends Paraguay over Lugo impeachment", "A Populist 'Pink Tide' Is Ebbing in South America, Argentine Vote Suggests", "Argentina accuses US of trying to sneak in illegal drugs and arms", "Argentina president claims US plotting to oust her", "Argentinian president attacks UK refusal to negotiate on Falklands", "Falklands anniversary: David Cameron defiant over Argentinian 'threats, "New Falklands oil discovery could stir trouble with Argentina", "Argentine president calls Falklands referendum a 'parody, "Cristina Fernández de Kirchner turns Pope Francis from foe to friend", "Pope's diplomacy put to test as leaders flock to Rome", "Making nice? [27], Néstor Kirchner was elected president in 2003, and she became the First Lady. He served as the first of several ministers of economy under her presidency. There are also logs of minor cases where she acted as a lawyer. [32] Kirchner lost the election in the large cities of Buenos Aires and Rosario. Cristina Fernández was born on 19 February 1953 at Tolosa, a suburb of La Plata, capital of the Buenos Aires Province. In 1994, she was also elected to the constituent assembly that amended the Constitution of Argentina. Domingo Matheu (1765–1831) 26 August 1811 23 September 1811 [47] It was later expanded to cover other disadvantaged groups. AUTONOMISATION DES FEMMES: Ce qu’en dit le président Macky Sall. [55] One month later, negotiations with hedge funds failed, and American judge Thomas Griesa issued an order that Argentina had to pay to all creditors and not just those who had accepted a reduced payment as outlined in the Argentine debt restructuring plan. The party had projects to amend the constitution and allow indefinite reelections, but lacked the supermajority required for it. [85] The Ciccone Calcografica printing company filed for bankruptcy in 2010, but this request was cancelled when businessman Alejandro Vandenbroele bought it. [19] The claim has been sent to trial four times, and the judges Norberto Oyarbide, Ariel Lijo, Sergio Torres, and Claudio Bonadio all ruled that she has a degree. [155] After the operation, it was revealed that she had been misdiagnosed and did not have cancer. [58][59], According to The Economist, the Kirchners returned Argentina to "economic nationalism and near-autarky". [79], Several scandals took place during the Kirchner administration. "Le dije a mi pareja, a ver como te quedó la operación y le besé las tetas" "Tengo mala conexión y pensé que estaba fuera". Conviction rates for money laundering were almost nonexistent. Businessman Leonardo Fariña said in an interview that he helped businessman Lázaro Báez to divert money from public works, and take it to a financial firm located in the Madero Center luxury hotel. [110] Kirchner ignored the referendum. [38] It was the largest victory percentage in national elections since 1983. [81] The FPV financing of the 2007 elections caused another scandal years later. [107] British Prime minister David Cameron rejected her comments. Le président argentin Alberto Fernandez, à Buenos Aires, le 10 décembre 2019. Pour la première fois, un président en place s'investit directement sur le sujet de l'avortement en Argentine. [18] She registered at the Tribunal Superior de Justicia of Santa Cruz in 1980, the Comodoro Rivadavia's chamber of appeals in 1985 and worked as an attorney for the Justicialist Party in 1983. He was found dead in his home the day before he was to explain his denunciation in Congress. [77], Prosecutor Alberto Nisman, who worked on the investigation of the 1994 Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina (Argentine- Israeli Mutual Association) AMIA bombing, accused Kirchner of engaging in a criminal, cover-up conspiracy to cover up the attack. Báez denied any wrongdoing. She invited children on stage during the celebrations, and Vice President Amado Boudou played an electric guitar. [49], Fernández de Kirchner was reelected in 2011, along with Amado Boudou as vice president and the Front for Victory regained control over both chambers of Congress. [74] A week later, Kirchner announced a proposed amendment of the Argentine judiciary. PHOTOS – Brigitte Macron : ses fous rires complices avec Juliana Macri, la femme du président argentin. Le projet de loi sur la légalisation de l’IVG déposé par le président de centre-gauche Alberto Fernandez, élu en octobre 2019, divise profondément l’Argentine. This scenario would have had Cristina standing down in favor of Néstor in 2011, and Néstor would in turn hand the FPV candidacy back to Cristina in 2015. [124] Fernández de Kirchner can still face trial despite her immunity, while legislators also have the choice to strip her of immunity. [48], The extent to which Kirchner's policies have lowered poverty is controversial, with the government's reported poverty rate being questioned by some experts. [45] Judge María José Sarmiento annulled both decrees on the grounds that the Central Bank was independent. [67] Farmers argued that the high taxes made cultivation unviable. According to Richard Bourke, political theorist and Kirchner supporter Ernesto Laclau considered this the perfect form of democracy. She established currency controls during her second term, and the country fell into sovereign default in 2014. [12][13] On 30 September 2020, the federal criminal cassation court confirmed the corruption trials of Kirchner, ruling the former president’s objections to be inadmissible.[14]. Monde Un député argentin embrasse le sein de sa femme pendant une visioconférence. Un vote qui a déclenché des scènes de liesse dans tout le pays.Et aujourd’hui je vais vous parler d’une femme en particulier qui personnifie ce combat pour le droit à l’avortement. The couple met in a night club in Panama during Juan Peron's years of exile after being ousted from power in a military coup in 1955. The 18F demonstration took place a month after his death. [112][113] Página/12 removed their controversial articles about Bergoglio, written by Horacio Verbitsky, from their web page, as a result of this change. Fernández de Kirchner took part in a commission to investigate money laundering with fellow legislator Elisa Carrió, and got into conflicts with her. [145], Kirchner's health first became a topic of public concern in 2005 when Noticias magazine reported that she might suffer from bipolar disorder.

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