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Aux températures élevées des régions tropicales, les sols tourbeux sont moins courants car la matière végétale se décompose rapidement. The province was divided in 2015 into five successor provinces, based on the districts of Katanga at that time: The University of Lubumbashi, located in the northern part of Lubumbashi city, is the largest university in the province and one of the largest in the country. Rainfall is about 1,200 mm (49 in).[19]. Major mining concessions include Tilwezembe and Kalukundi. It was one of the eleven provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 1966 and 2015, when it was split into the Tanganyika, Haut-Lomami, Lualaba and Haut-Katanga provinces. En utilisant les images satellitaires, nous avons cartographié ces types de forêts à travers toute la région afin de déterminer les limites des tourbières du bassin du Congo. You have been signed up successfully. Webinar: Do we need to stop eating meat and dairy to tackle climate change? The eastern part of the province is considered to be a rich mining region, which supplies cobalt, copper, tin, radium, uranium, and diamonds. They live mainly through subsistence farming and hunting, with some river commerce. [10][11], Copper mining is an important part of the economy of Katanga province. After 1900, the Societe Generale de Belgique practically controlled all of the mining in the province through Union Minière du Haut Katanga (UMHK). Factcheck: How electric vehicles help to tackle climate change. Coronavirus: What could lifestyle changes mean for tackling climate change? Article invité de Simon Lewis, professeur en sciences de changement global à l’Université College de Londres et à l’universitéde Leeds. Please contact us for commercial use. Les travaux de terrain n’étaient pas faciles. Cela nous permettra de faire de meilleures estimations des stocks de carbone, de comprendre à quel point la tourbière est vulnérable à toute réduction future des précipitations, et ce que ces régimes de précipitations sont susceptibles d’être dans le siècle présent où le monde est plus chaud. [1] Même si les satellites ne sont pas capables de détecter la tourbe, ils peuvent néanmoins révéler des zones forestières marécageuses où l’existence de la tourbe est probable. Guest post: Coronavirus food waste comes with huge carbon footprint, Guest post: The oceans are absorbing more carbon than previously thought. Lorsque la terre s’est réchauffée, l’Afrique centrale s’est humidifiée, remplissant d’eau les bassins peu profonds et laissant s’accumuler la tourbe. [citation needed], TESOL, the English Language School of Lubumbashi, is a secondary school that serves the expatriate community. On 11 July 2015 it was split into the provinces of Bas-Uélé, Haut-Uélé, Ituri and Tshopo. In 1915, a deposit of pitchblende and other uranium minerals of a higher grade than had ever been found before anywhere in the world and higher than any found since were discovered at Shinkolobwe. History. La protection des sols tourbeux – ainsi que d’autres écosystèmes qui renferment le carbone – a une importance primordiale dans le contexte des efforts mondiaux à diminuer les émissions de carbone. Ceci va relancer le processus de décomposition, libérant le carbone stocké dans l’atmosphère. Farming and ranching are carried out on the Katanga Plateau. The University of Lubumbashi maintains a small teaching hospital in the center of Lubumbashi. La tourbe couvre une superficie de 145 500 kilomètres carrés, ce qui est étonnant. La quantité de carbone stockée dans la tourbe est grande. Factcheck: Is 3-5C of Arctic warming now ‘locked in’? Later it was merged back into Uele District, then split out again. Article invité : La découverte d’une immense réserve de carbone sous la forêt marécageuse du Congo, Guest post: Why low-end 'climate sensitivity' can now be ruled out, World population facing water stress could ‘double’ by 2050 as climate warms, Global warming has ‘changed’ spread of tropical cyclones around the world, US sees ‘alarming’ increase in combined heatwaves and droughts, Met Office: The UK’s record-breaking August 2020 heatwave, ‘Extreme’ glacier loss events linked to human-caused climate change for first time, Arctic sea ice shrinks to second-lowest summer minimum on record, Guest post: How the Greenland ice sheet fared in 2020, Guest post: How climate change is turning glaciers into lakes, Analysis: How ‘carbon-cycle feedbacks’ could make global warming worse, CMIP6: the next generation of climate models explained, In-depth Q&A: The IPCC’s special report on the ocean and cryosphere. It was divided into the new provinces of Kibali-Ituri, Uélé and Haut-Congo. A 1912 map shows that the former Uele District had been broken into the Bas-Uele and Haut-Uele (Upper Uele) districts. Guest post: Are low- and middle-income countries bound to eat more meat? Katanga has a wet and dry season. La République Démocratique du Congo est connue pour son potentiel minier représentant 1.100 différentes substances minérales. Mais, ce carbone, est-il vulnérable ? En d’autres termes, alors que la tourbe ne couvre que 4 % de l’ensemble du bassin du Congo, elle stocke à peu près la même quantité de carbone que la biomasse aérienne présente dans 96 % de la superficie forestière restante. Il existe peu de stations météorologiques dans la région, la région centrale du Congo a été négligée par les modélisateurs, et les projections climatiques pour les précipitations ne sont pas cohérentes. Nous estimons que la teneur en carbone de ces tourbières est l’équivalent d’environ 20 ans d’émissions liées aux énergies fossiles des États-Unis. Un échantillon de tourbe des tourbières du bassin du Congo. Toutefois, dans le cas des milieux qui sont saturés d’eau tout le long de l’année, et où l’eau est pauvre en nutriments, la décomposition se ralentit et les conditions sont propices à la formation de la tourbe dans la forêt marécageuse. [2][3], Copper mining in Katanga dates back over 1,000 years, and mines in the region were producing standard-sized ingots of copper for international transport by the end of the 10th century CE. [citation needed], The Jason Sendwe Hospital is the largest hospital in the province, located in Lubumbashi. Désormais nous savions qu’il était possible d’identifier d’éventuels milieux tourbeux à partir de données satellitaires. Dès lors, nous étions certains qu’une couche continue de tourbe était présente au fond des énormes bassins superficiels entre les deux rivières, et que la tourbe atteignait des profondeurs considérables. Cette semaine, dans la revue Nature, mes collègues et moi venons de publier des données scientifiques qui démontrent la présence d’une épaisse couche de tourbe auparavant inaperçue qui s’étend sous cette forêt marécageuse. On 28 December 1966 Orientale Province was reunited. Répartition des terres humides dans la Cuvette Centrale en Afrique (en vert). La zone est d’une richesse exceptionnelle en carbone. Msiri, the King of Katanga, held out against both, but eventually Katanga was subsumed by the Belgian Congo. Guest post: Why does land warm up faster than the oceans? Radio-Télévision nationale Congolaise (RTNC) has a transmitter in Lubumbashi that re-transmits the signal from Kinshasa. Toutefois, nous espérons que nos nouvelles découvertes conduiront à d’importants investissements scientifiques dans la région. Analysis: UK’s CO2 emissions have fallen 29% over the past decade, Analysis: China’s Covid stimulus plans for fossil fuels three times larger than low-carbon, Analysis: World has already passed ‘peak oil’, BP figures reveal, Wind and solar are 30-50% cheaper than thought, admits UK government, In-depth: Hydrogen ‘required’ to meet UK net-zero goal, says National Grid, Guest post: How energy-efficient LED bulbs lit up India in just five years, Budget 2020: Key climate and energy announcements, Climate strikers: Open letter to EU leaders on why their new climate law is ‘surrender’, Europe ‘could get 10 times’ its electricity needs from onshore wind, study says, In-depth Q&A: Why Ireland is ‘nowhere near’ meeting its climate-change goals, Coronavirus: Tracking how the world’s ‘green recovery’ plans aim to cut emissions, ‘Construction fever’ responsible for one fifth of China’s CO2 emissions, Germans most worried about climate change, analysis shows, New US poll shows gap between scientists, the public, and politicians on climate change, Q&A: How the ‘climate assembly’ says the UK should reach net-zero, CCC: UK risks ‘egg on face’ unless it accelerates climate plans, Four more years of Donald Trump could 'delay global emissions cuts by 10 years’, Guest post: A brief history of climate targets and technological promises, COP25: Key outcomes agreed at the UN climate talks in Madrid, Fuel savings in US cars have ‘cut 17bn tonnes of CO2 since 1975’, Solar power could replace all US hydro dams using ‘just 13% of the space’, Vacancy: China specialist at Carbon Brief, Explainer: How climate change is affecting wildfires around the world, Explainer: How the rise and fall of CO2 levels influenced the ice ages. [8], In 2015, Katanga Province was split into the constitutional provinces of Tanganyika, Haut-Lomami, Lualaba, and Haut-Katanga. Katanga was one of the four large provinces created in the Belgian Congo in 1914. It was formed from part of Uele District in 1912. The breakaway State of Katanga existed from 1960 to 1963. It roughly corresponded in area to the present Bas-Uélé province. D’énormes forêts marécageuses tropicales à tourbe sont bien connues sur les îles de Bornéo et de Sumatra, en Asie du Sud-Est (pdf), et des forêts marécageuses à tourbe semblables ont été découvertes récemment dans l’Ouest amazonien. Guest post: Why would anyone finance another coal power plant in China? Dès lors nous savons que la tourbe est présente sur environ 40 % de toute l’étendue des terres humides de la Cuvette Centrale. Interactive: What is the climate impact of eating meat and dairy? Toutes les provinces du pays peuvent se prévaloir de détenir des richesses minières. It roughly corresponded in area to the present Bas-Uélé province. Dans l’ensemble, les terres humides de la Cuvette Centrale occupent près de 10 % du bassin du Congo. Webinar: What impact is Covid-19 having on global CO2 emissions? Receive a Daily or Weekly summary of the most important articles direct to your inbox, just enter your email below: Thanks. A number of reasons have been advanced for the failure of the vast mineral wealth of the province to increase the overall standard of living. Heureusement la région n’est pas menacée par le drainage à des fins agricoles industrielles, à la différence de nombreuses tourbières de l’Asie du Sud-Est. [12] Cobalt mining by individual contractors is also prevalent. [20], In Lubumbashi, French, Belgian, and Greek schools are sponsored by the respective embassies. The region's former capital, Lubumbashi, is the second-largest city in the Congo. [6] By the start of World War II, the mining companies "constituted a state within the Belgian Congo". Guest post: Are European cities delivering on their climate commitments? Between 1971 and 1997 (during the rule of Mobutu Sese Seko when Congo was known as Zaïre), its official name was Shaba Province. At the time of independence, the area now encompassing Kongo Central was part of the greater province of Léopoldville, along with the capital city of Kinshasa and the districts of Kwango, Kwilu and Mai-Ndombe.Under Belgian colonial rule, the province was known as Bas-Congo (as in "Lower Congo River") and was renamed Kongo Central after independence. Les sols tourbeux sont sensibles aux changements climatiques s’ils causent le dessèchement de la tourbe. Analysis: The climate papers most featured in the media in 2019, Mapped: How climate change affects extreme weather around the world. Après avoir collecté des données de centaines de sites, nous sommes enfin arrivés à comprendre les caractéristiques des terres, de la végétation et de la tourbe. [4], With the 1933 reorganization Bas-Uele and Haut-Uele were again combined into Uele District, and lay in the new Stanleyville Province. Conduite par le premier auteur de la publication, Greta Dargie, dont j’assurais la supervision de la thèse doctorale, l’équipe a parcouru 40 000 kilomètres carrés dans le nord de la République du Congo. La carte ci-dessous illustre les limites. [citation needed], Katanga province has the highest rate of infant mortality in the world, with 184 of 1000 babies born expected to die before the age of five. Fig 1a. Après celle du Pantanal au Brésil, elle abrite la plus grande terre humide tropicale au monde. The Shinkolobwe mine near Jadotville (now Likasi) was at the centre of the Manhattan Project. [22], Katanga province is served by television broadcasts. Traduction de « Guest post: Vast carbon store found under Congo swamp forest » par Helen Plante. Get a Daily or Weekly round-up of all the important articles and papers selected by Carbon Brief by email. Malheureusement, ce n’étaient que des commentaires transitoires, n’ayant pas de références cartographiques, de noms de villages ou de rivières aux alentours pour localiser et vérifier l’existence de la tourbe, son épaisseur ou sa teneur en carbone. A 1955–1957 map shows Bas-Uele District bordered by French territory to the north, Haut-Uele District to the east, Stanleyville District to the south and Mongala District to the west. Au coeur du bassin du Congo en Afrique centrale se trouve une dépression de basse altitude, connue sous le nom de Cuvette Centrale. 07222041. La forêt marécageuse du Congo Crédit: Simon Lewis. Jet stream: Is climate change causing more ‘blocking’ weather events? [13][14], Lubumbashi, the mining capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo, is a hub for many of the country's biggest mining companies. After World War I ended a factory was built at Olen; the secrecy was lifted at the end of 1922 with the announcement of the production of the first gram of radium from the pitchblende. Cette découverte nous a fourni des données sur lesquelles nous pouvions nous appuyer. It was one of the eleven provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 1966 and 2015, when it was split into the Tanganyika, Haut-Lomami, Lualaba and Haut-Katanga provinces. [8], In 2005, the new constitution specified that Katanga was to be split up into separately administered provinces. Au départ nous n’avions guère exploré la zone, et les couches de tourbe étaient d’une faible profondeur – souvent près d’un mètre. Bas-Uele District (French: District du Bas-Uele, Dutch: District Beneden-Uele) was a district of the Belgian Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.It was formed from part of Uele District in 1912. [7], District in Orientale, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Districts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bas-Uele_District&oldid=974860398, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 25 August 2020, at 12:53. The province also bordered Tanzania – although Katanga province and Tanzania did not share a land border – but the border was within Lake Tanganyika. [9], Militias such as Mai Mai Kata Katanga led by Gédéon Kyungu Mutanga fought for Katanga to secede, and his group briefly took over the provincial capital Lubumbashi in 2013. [2], The district was created by an arrêté royal of 28 March 1912, which divided the Congo into 22 districts. This included uranium, radium, copper, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, germanium, manganese, silver, gold, and tin. Scientists shed light on human causes of North Atlantic’s ‘cold blob’, Guest post: How public attitudes towards ‘CO2 removal’ differ in the UK and US, Guest post: How ‘discourses of delay’ are used to slow climate action. Analysis: The global coal fleet shrank for first time on record in 2020, In-depth: BP data reveals clean electricity matched coal for the first time in 2019, Analysis: Going carbon neutral by 2060 ‘will make China richer’, Guest post: Calculating the true climate impact of aviation emissions. [citation needed], provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Copper mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, "Katanga | province, Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Biggest Cities In The Democratic Republic Of The Congo", "Fighting for DR Congo's cash cow to secede", "Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo: Article 2", The National Assembly adopts the laws regarding the limits of the provinces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Election of governors: definite results expected on 18 April, "Katanga: le budget 2011 s'élève à 396 milliards de Francs congolais", The State vs. the People: Governance, mining and the transitional regime in the Democratic Republic of Congo, "Congolese Militia Seizes UN Compound in Katanga's Lubumbashi", "An Independent Technical Report on the Material Assets of Katanga Mining Limited...", Katanga, or Shaba (province, Democratic Republic of the Congo) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia, English-speaking School of Lubumbashi (TESOL), "DR Congo eyes a greater share of its mineral riches", Rush and Ruin: The Devastating Mineral Trade in Southern Katanga, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katanga_Province&oldid=974694408, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 24 August 2020, at 13:15. This was supported by Belgium but opposed by the Congolese Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba. Bas-Uele District (Lower Uele District) was named after the Uele River, and covers the lower part of the river basin. Nos découvertes ont montré que la tourbe n’est présente que sous deux types de végétation : la forêt marécageuse feuillue, et la forêt marécageuse dominée par une espèce unique de palmier. La zone est d’une richesse exceptionnelle en carbone. Tous les deux types de végétation sont saturés tout le long de l’année. The University of Kamina, the University of Kolwezi and the University of Likasi are former branches of the University of Lubumbashi, which continues to have branches in some locations such as Kalemie. Il est difficile de prévoir si les 30 milliards de tonnes de carbone dans les tourbières du bassin du Congo resteront hors de l’atmosphère en raison des impacts climatiques. Des capteurs qui suivaient le niveau de la nappe phréatique dans le marécage nous ont fait savoir par ailleurs que le débordement des rivières n’alimentait pas d’eau les tourbières. You are welcome to reproduce unadapted material in full for non-commercial use, credited ‘Carbon Brief’ with a link to the article. Ce processus graduel élimine le CO2 de l’atmosphère, emmagasinant le carbone dans le sol épais et marécageux. Katanga was one of the four large provinces created in the Belgian Congo in 1914. [7], In 1960, after the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then called Republic of the Congo) gained independence from Belgium, the UMHK, Moise Tshombe and Godefroid Munongo supported the secession of Katanga province from the Congo. [1], Katanga's area encompassed 497,000 square kilometres (49,700,000 ha). En d’autres termes, alors que la tourbe ne couvre que 4 % de l’ensemble du bassin du Congo, elle stocke à peu près la même quantité de carbone que la biomasse aérienne présente dans 96 % de la superficie forestière restante. This led to the assassination of Lumumba and the Katanga Crisis (or "Congo Crisis"), which lasted from 1960 to 1965. Most of the inhabitants of the Bas-Uele District, with a population of 900,000 in 2007, are Boa people. En 2012, en utilisant des données satellitaires optiques et radars, nos recherches nous ont conduits aux marécages du nord de la République du Congo et là – avec nos partenaires congolais – nous avons découvert des preuves de l’existence de la tourbe pour la première fois. Webinar: Is climate change making wildfires worse? Avec l’aide des villageois locaux qui nous ont accueillis pendant les travaux de terrain, nous avons abandonné la terre ferme pour faire du camping dans le marécage. efforts mondiaux à diminuer les émissions de carbone, îles de Bornéo et de Sumatra, en Asie du Sud-Est, découvertes récemment dans l’Ouest amazonien, Guest post: Vast carbon store found under Congo swamp forest. [1] La datation radiocarbone nous a fait savoir que la tourbe la plus ancienne avait 10 600 ans. En combinant cette superficie avec les mesures que nous avons prises de l’épaisseur de la tourbe, ainsi que nos mesures de laboratoire de sa teneur en carbone, nous estimons qu’en termes de carbone,  la tourbe de la Cuvette Centrale en renferme 30,6 milliards de tonnes. The Bas-Uele District became part of the Orientale Province created in 1913. By 1954 Stanleyville Province had been renamed Orientale Province, and Uele District had again been split into Bas-Uele and Haut-Uele districts. The Democratic Republic of Congo produces "more than 3 percent of the world’s copper and half its cobalt, most of which comes from Katanga".[15]. [4], In the 1890s, the province was beleaguered from the south by Cecil Rhodes' Northern Rhodesia, and from the north by the Belgian Congo, the personal possession of King Leopold II of Belgium. In April 2014, a train derailment killed 63 people. Mais, ce carbone, est-il … Cela pourrait alors permettre à la tourbe de se décomposer et de libérer son carbone. Published under a CC license. Bas-Uele District (French: District du Bas-Uele, Dutch: District Beneden-Uele) was a district of the Belgian Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Dargie Fig1c. The province was bisected by the Kasai River, which flows into the Congo River on the province's western boundary. It was founded in 1987 on the grounds of the French School, Lycée Français Blaise Pascal, which suspended operations in 1991 with a new French School starting in 2009. [3] A number of other university-level institutions exist in Lubumbashi, some public, some private: Institut Supérieur de Statistique, Institut Supérieur Pédagogique, Institut Supérieur des Études Sociales, Institut Supérieur de Commerce, Institut Supérieur des Techniques Médicales (all state-run), Université Protestante de Lubumbashi (Korean Presbyterian), Institut Supérieur Maria Malkia (Catholic), Institut Supérieur de Développement Mgr Mulolwa (Catholique), Theologicum St François de Sales (Salesian seminary), Institut Supérieur de Théologie Évangélique de Lubumbashi (Pentecostal/Anglican/Brethren), etc. Factcheck: What is the carbon footprint of streaming video on Netflix? Au contraire, il semble que les tourbières soient exposées aux caprices de la précipitation. L’échantillonnage de sols dans les marécages pose de nombreux défis – on faisait du camping sur la terre ferme et le trekking chaque jour pour se rendre aux sites d’échantillonnage. [1] Lorsque cette décomposition est encore ralentie par l’engorgement, une couche de tourbe peut s’accumuler. Experts: How do diets need to change to meet climate targets? Reliability is limited. The province formed the Congolese border with Angola and Zambia. Université Méthodiste au Katanga, the oldest private university-level institution in the province, is located at Mulungwishi (between Likasi and Kolwezi) but organizes its Masters in Leadership courses in Lubumbashi. La tourbe est un sol organique des terres humides, constituée de matières végétales partiellement décomposées. Crédit photo : Simon Lewis. Bas-Uélé was formed from the Bas-Uele District whose town of Buta was elevated to capital city of the new province. Représentation cartographique de la composition des tourbières du Congo. Depuis longtemps il me semble possible qu’un véritable trésor de tourbe soit enfoui sous les vastes terres humides de la Cuvette Centrale. Between 1971 and 1997 (during the rule of Mobutu Sese Seko when Congo was known as Zaïre), its official name was Shaba Province. The area was 148,300 square kilometres (57,300 sq mi) out of a total of 503,200 square kilometres (194,300 sq mi) for Orientale province as a whole. In 2005, new television broadcasts by Radio Mwangaza began in Lubumbashi. Les ombres colorées montrent la probabilité de localiser chaque type de végétation dans chaque endroit. La tourbe allait en s’approfondissant, jusqu’à une épaisseur de 5,9 mètres. Cela signifiait qu’elle s’est accumulée immédiatement après la fin de la dernière glaciation. La prochaine étape consistait à optimiser nos recherches et mettre à l’essai nos hypothèses concernant les sites où nous devrions et ne devrions pas trouver de la tourbe. Minerais du Congo (RDC) Le 27/09/2019 . Article invité : La découverte d'une immense réserve de carbone sous la forêt marécageuse du Congo, Published by Carbon Brief Ltd - Company No. The landscape of Bandundu province consisted primarily of plateaus covered in savanna, cut by rivers and streams that are often bordered by thick forest.

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